What is Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition that causes a person to become preoccupied with perceived flaws in their physical appearance.

People with BDD often spend a great deal of time worrying about the size, shape, or other aspects of their body, which can lead to significant distress and difficulty functioning in everyday life.

People with BDD may obsessively compare themselves to others, or spend hours looking in the mirror. They may engage in repetitive behaviors, such as excessive grooming or skin-picking, or may seek out multiple cosmetic procedures in an effort to “fix” their perceived flaws. While these behaviors may provide some temporary relief, they ultimately lead to more distress over time.

The Causes of BDD and Who is Most at Risk?

While the exact causes of BDD are unknown, research suggests that a variety of factors can contribute to its development. These include biological, psychological, and environmental influences.

Biologically, BDD has been linked to a decreased level of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter responsible for controlling mood and regulating anxiety levels. Research has also indicated that a family history of depression or other psychiatric disorders may increase the risk of developing BDD.

Psychologically, BDD is often triggered by experiences of trauma or low self-esteem. People with BDD often experience feelings of shame and inadequacy, which leads to an obsessive focus on their perceived flaws. This can often lead to social isolation and an inability to accept compliments or praise.

Environmentally, people with BDD may be exposed to negative messages regarding body image or beauty standards from the media or other sources. Additionally, people with BDD may be more likely to compare themselves to others, leading to feelings of inferiority or insecurity.

It is estimated that 2.4% of the global population is affected by BDD. It is most common among young adults and is more common among women than men. People of all ages, genders, and backgrounds can be affected by BDD. However, it is important to note that the condition can be successfully treated with medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes.

Symptoms of BDD and How it Impacts People’s Lives

Symptoms of BDD can vary from person to person and can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:

• Obsessing over a perceived physical flaw

• Spending hours looking in the mirror

• Comparing your body to others

• Excessive grooming, such as plucking, shaving, or tanning

• Seeking out multiple cosmetic procedures

• Avoiding social situations due to anxiety about appearance

• Having low self-esteem

• Feeling intense shame or embarrassment about appearance

• Experiencing depression or suicidal thoughts

BDD can have a devastating impact on a person’s life. It is a disorder that can be extremely difficult to cope with, as it is often accompanied by intense emotions such as shame, guilt, and embarrassment. Those who suffer from BDD may feel isolated, as they may be too embarrassed to discuss their condition with friends and family. This can lead to a lack of social support, which can further complicate the disorder.

Those who suffer from BDD may also struggle with their professional life. For example, they may be too anxious to attend job interviews or socialize at work. They may also struggle with concentration and focus, as the disorder can be extremely distracting and overwhelming.

It is important to seek help if you or someone you know is struggling with BDD. A mental health professional can provide specialized treatment to help manage the symptoms and ultimately improve one’s quality of life. With the right support and treatment, it is possible to overcome BDD and lead a fulfilling life.

Common Triggers to Avoid when Suffering from BDD

While there is no one-size-fits-all solution for managing BDD, understanding and avoiding common triggers can help to decrease the severity and frequency of symptoms.

One of the most common triggers of BDD is comparison to others. Comparing oneself to other people is a natural part of life, but for those with BDD it can be especially damaging. Comparing oneself to an idealized version of beauty or perfection can cause significant distress and lead to feeling inadequate or ashamed. It is important to focus on your own unique physical features and strengths rather than comparing yourself to others.

Another common trigger of BDD is negative self-talk. People with BDD are often overly critical of their appearance and may focus on perceived flaws or defects. This can lead to low self-esteem and feelings of insecurity. To counteract this, it is important to practice positive self-talk, such as complimenting yourself or focusing on your positive qualities.

Social media can also be a trigger for BDD. Social media platforms often portray an idealized version of beauty, which can be difficult for those with BDD to see. It is important to be mindful of this and limit exposure to social media if it begins to cause significant distress.

Finally, media and advertising can be a major trigger for BDD. Advertising often reinforces the idea of an idealized version of beauty, which can be damaging for those with BDD. It is important to be aware of this and limit exposure to these messages as much as possible.

Treatment Options for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Fortunately, there are several treatment options available for people living with BDD.

Psychotherapy is a common form of treatment for BDD. This type of treatment focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors while teaching coping strategies to manage anxiety and depression. A therapist may use exposure and response prevention (ERP) to help someone gradually face the situations that cause their distress. Mindfulness techniques are also used to help people become more aware of their thoughts and feelings and to learn how to respond to them in a more helpful way.

Medication is another option for treating BDD. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often used to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Antidepressants such as fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft) are commonly prescribed for BDD. However, medication should always be used in conjunction with psychotherapy for the best results.

Group therapy can also be helpful for managing BDD. This type of therapy provides support and helps people with BDD to form meaningful connections with others who understand their struggles. Group therapy can also be a safe place to practice the skills learned in individual therapy sessions.

Finally, it is important to note that lifestyle changes can play an important role in managing BDD. Eating a healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity can help reduce stress and increase overall well-being. Additionally, limiting alcohol and drug use can help reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety.